Deep Dive

The Theseus Design Space

Autonomous agents with verifiable inference enable applications impossible on existing platforms.

Full Analysis Available

This page provides an overview. For complete technical details and market dynamics, read the original article.

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The Evolution: A Natural Progression

Bitcoin

(2009)

First stateful on-chain executable. Solved money consensus among strangers.

Public ownership you can verify.

Ξ

Ethereum

(2014)

Solved program execution consensus. Deterministic programs replicated across all nodes.

Public program behavior you can verify.

Θ

Theseus

(2025)

Fuses web2-style AI agents with stateful, sovereign smart contract properties. One node computes, others verify.

Public agent decisions you can verify.

Key Insight

Each step removes a human dependency. Bitcoin removed treasurers from "who owns what." Ethereum removed judges from "what happens next." Theseus removes hosts from "what kind of decision will an intelligent entity make?"

The Design Space Constraint

Over the last decade, runtimes like SVM or MoveVM improved smart contract platforms with cleaner programming models. However, all maintained the same fundamental constraint: deterministic, replicated execution across all nodes.

Theseus takes a different approach using tensor commitments for verifiable inference. This makes complex, intelligent applications economically feasible on-chain while preserving verifiability.

Example: Lending Protocol

Ethereum (Aave, Compound)

Off-chain:

Backend computes rates, keeper pushes on-chain

On-chain:

Contract executes based on predetermined formulas

Updates:

Deploy new contract through governance

Theseus

On-chain Agent:

Market runs as a first-class lending agent

Execution:

Pricing via inference, verified with tensor-commit

Updates:

Context or model swappable by creator or agent

New Primitives Only Possible with Theseus

Subjective Prediction Markets

Adjudicate nuanced questions like "Was the iPhone Air launch successful?"

AI Persons

Autonomous entities with goals: GPs of LP funds, marketing swarms, DAO orchestrators

Complex Governance

Evaluate proposals with nuanced reasoning, read docs, analyze trade-offs

Dynamic DeFi Strategies

Manage liquidity, rebalance portfolios, execute strategies autonomously

Multi-Trillion Dollar Market

Ethereum's ~$500B market cap is tied to app value. Making apps dramatically more capable should substantially increase value captured by the base chain.

Before Bitcoin, there was Hashcash—it implemented proof-of-work but holds almost no value. Unifying "Ethereum" and "agents" with tensor commitments suggests one of the largest TAMs in crypto, where the whole is worth far more than the sum of the parts.

Bitcoin: public ownership you can verify

Ethereum: public program behavior you can verify

Theseus: public agent decisions you can verify

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Read: Agents as an Evolution of Smart Contracts
Documentation